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     <dc:title xml:lang="fr">Apathie dans la dépression : une étude en arterial spin labeling</dc:title>
     <dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Apathy in depression : an arterial spin labeling study</dcterms:alternative>
     <dc:subject xml:lang="fr">ASL</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="fr">dépression</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="fr">apathie</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="fr">motivation</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="fr">récompense anhédonie</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="fr">perfusion</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="fr">striatum</dc:subject>
     <dc:subject xml:lang="en">ASL</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">depression</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">apathy</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">motivation</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">anhedonia</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">liking-wanting</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">reward</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">perfusion</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">striatum</dc:subject><tef:sujetRameau><tef:vedetteRameauNomCommun>
						<tef:elementdEntree autoriteSource="Sudoc" autoriteExterne="027730298">Cerveau</tef:elementdEntree><tef:subdivision autoriteSource="Sudoc" type="subdivisionDeSujet" autoriteExterne="028921011">Imagerie par résonance magnétique</tef:subdivision><tef:subdivision autoriteSource="Sudoc" type="subdivisionDeForme" autoriteExterne="027253139">Thèses et écrits académiques</tef:subdivision>
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						<tef:elementdEntree autoriteSource="Sudoc" autoriteExterne="027231828">Dépression</tef:elementdEntree><tef:subdivision autoriteSource="Sudoc" type="subdivisionDeForme" autoriteExterne="027253139">Thèses et écrits académiques</tef:subdivision>
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						<tef:elementdEntree autoriteSource="Sudoc" autoriteExterne="201792052">Apathie</tef:elementdEntree><tef:subdivision autoriteSource="Sudoc" type="subdivisionDeForme" autoriteExterne="027253139">Thèses et écrits académiques</tef:subdivision>
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						<tef:elementdEntree autoriteSource="Sudoc" autoriteExterne="050533126">Anhédonie</tef:elementdEntree><tef:subdivision autoriteSource="Sudoc" type="subdivisionDeForme" autoriteExterne="027253139">Thèses et écrits académiques</tef:subdivision>
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						<tef:elementdEntree autoriteSource="Sudoc" autoriteExterne="027683613">Sang‎--Débit‎--Mesure</tef:elementdEntree><tef:subdivision autoriteSource="Sudoc" type="subdivisionDeForme" autoriteExterne="027253139">Thèses et écrits académiques</tef:subdivision>
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     <dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">L’apathie est définie comme une diminution des comportements dirigés vers un but. Bien qu’elle soit observée chez environ 30 % des sujets déprimés, les mécanismes neuro-vasculaires sous-tendant l’apathie, notamment chez les patients souffrant de dépression, restent peu connus. L’objectif principal de cette étude était de comparer la perfusion cérébrale des sujets déprimés apathiques aux déprimés non apathiques mesurée par Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL). L’ASL est une technique d’IRM permettant de mesurer la perfusion cérébrale de manière quantitative et non-invasive en utilisant le sang artériel comme traceur endogène. L’objectif secondaire était l’étude du profil clinique des patients déprimés apathiques. L’étude a été menée à partir d’une cohorte de sujets présentant un épisode dépressif caractérisé selon les critères du DSM IV-TR, inclus entre novembre 2014 et juin 2016 à Rennes. 112 sujets déprimés ont été inclus, parmi lesquels 35 étaient apathiques (AES ≥ 42), 77 non apathiques (AES &lt; 42). Chacun bénéficiait d’une évaluation clinique avec passation d’échelles, notamment d’apathie (AES), d’anxiété (STAI) et d’anhédonie (SHAPS) et pour 93 d’entre eux, d’une IRM cérébrale. Les données IRM incluaient une séquence anatomique 3D pondérée en T1 (3D-T1w) et une séquence d’ASL pseudo continue (pc ASL). La 3D-T1w a été segmentée en tissus cérébraux tandis que la série ASL a été corrigée en mouvement puis recalée sur la 3D-T1w avant d’être quantifiée pour produire une carte de débit sanguin cérébral (DSC). Toutes les données anatomiques et de perfusion ont été spatialement normalisées sur l’atlas du MNI. Une analyse statistique en régions d’intérêt (ROIs) a enfin été menée pour comparer le DSC entre les groupes apathique et non apathique.  Les sujets apathiques avaient un débit sanguin cérébral significativement plus élevé que les non apathiques au niveau du putamen gauche (p = 0,03), du noyau caudé gauche (p = 0,014), des noyaux accumbens gauche (p = 0,035) et droit (0,023), du cortex frontal supérieur gauche (p = 0,040) et droit (p = 0,041) et au niveau du cortex frontal moyen gauche (p = 0,022). Sur le plan clinique, les déprimés apathiques étaient significativement moins anhédoniques. Nous avons montré que les profils perfusionnels et cliniques des sujets déprimés apathiques et non apathiques diffèrent. Cette étude suggère l’existence d’anomalies affectant les régions clés impliquées dans la boucle dopaminergique meso-cortico-limbique du système de la récompense : le striatum dorsal, le striatum ventral et les cortex frontaux moyen et supérieur. Chaque région concernée semble sous-tendre une dimension de l’apathie avec respectivement une atteinte des dimensions comportementales, émotionnelles et cognitives. L’apathie semble donc être un biomarqueur intéressant pour caractériser différents phénotypes de dépression.</dcterms:abstract>
     <dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Apathy is defined as a lack of goal-directed behavior. Although it is observed in about 30 % of depressed patients, neurovascular mechanisms underpinning apathy, especially in those patients, remain little-known. The main objective of this study was to compare the cerebral perfusion of apathetic depressed patients with non-apathetic depressed patients by arterial spin labeling (ASL). ASL is a quantitative and non-invasive perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique that uses blood as an endogenous tracer to quantify tissue blood flow. The secondary objective was to study the clinical profile of apathetic depressed patients. This study was conducted from a cohort of depressed patients meeting the DSM IV TR criteria, between November 2014 and June 2016 in Rennes, France (www.clinicaltrial.gov ; NCT02286024). 112 depressed patients were included, of whom 35 were apathetic (AES ≥ 42), 77 non-apathetic (AES &lt; 42). Everyone got a clinical evaluation with scale screenings especially for apathy (AES), anxiety (STAI) and anhedonia (SHAPS) as well as a cerebral MRI for 93 of them. MRI data included a 3D T1-weighted anatomical sequence (3D-T1w) and a pseudo-continuous ASL sequence. The 3D-T1w was segmented into brain tissues while the ASL series were motion corrected and co-registered onto the 3D-T1w before quantification to CBF maps. Both anatomical and perfusion data were normalized to the MNI- space. An analysis was conducted on regions of interest (ROIs) to compare the CBF between apathetic and non-apathetic groups. ROIs were defined with Freesurfer atlas. Apathetic perfused more than non-apathetic in the left putamen (p = 0.03), the left caudate nuleus (p = 0,014), in the left (p = 0,035) and the right (p = 0,023) accumbens nucleus, in the left middle frontal cortex (p = 0,022), and in the left (p = 0,040) and right superior frontal cortex (p = 0,041). From a clinical point of view, apathetic depressed patients were less anhedonic than non- apathetic ones. We have shown that perfusional profiles of apathetic depressed patients and non-apathetic ones differ. This study suggests the existence of abnormalities affecting key regions involved in meso-cortico-limbic dopaminergic loop of reward system : the dorsal striatum, the ventral striatum and the frontal gyrus. Each region seems underlying some key functions represented by respectively behavioral, emotional and cognitive dimensions of apathy. Apathy seems to be a useful biomarker to characterize phenotypes of depression, with abnormalities of the motivational network for apathetic patients instead of abnormalities of the emotional network for more anhedonic patients in order to better adjust the treatment of depression.</dcterms:abstract>
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       <tef:nom>Conan</tef:nom>
       <tef:prenom>Camille</tef:prenom>
       
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