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     <dc:title xml:lang="en">Ecology of a geographic range expanding spider</dc:title>
     <dcterms:alternative xml:lang="fr">Écologie d’une araignée en voie d’expansion géographique</dcterms:alternative>
     <dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Changements Phénotypiques Adaptatifs </dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Endosymbiontes </dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Invasion Biologique </dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Niche écologique </dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Spécialisation Alimentaire </dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Zodarion rubidum</dc:subject>
     <dc:subject xml:lang="en">Adaptive Phenotypic Changes</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">Biological Invasion</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">Diet Specialization</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">Ecological Niche</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">Endosymbionts</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">Zodarion rubidum</dc:subject>
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						<tef:elementdEntree autoriteSource="Sudoc" autoriteExterne="027890198">Endosymbiose</tef:elementdEntree>
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						<tef:elementdEntree autoriteSource="Sudoc" autoriteExterne="027811492">Niche écologique</tef:elementdEntree>
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						<tef:elementdEntree autoriteSource="Sudoc" autoriteExterne="032432739">Invasions biologiques</tef:elementdEntree>
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						<tef:elementdEntree autoriteSource="Sudoc" autoriteExterne="032277822">Zodariidés</tef:elementdEntree>
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     <dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Les espèces sont adaptées à des conditions environnementales spécifiques (concept de niche écologique) qui sont reflétées dans leur distribution spatiale. Alors que les aires de répartition géographiques sont relativement stables à grande échelle, des changements importants, tels que des expansions, sont parfois observés. Cette thèse vise à étudier l’expansion d’aire de répartition de l’araignée Zodarion rubidum Simon, 1914, à travers l’Europe. La première étude s’intéresse à l’historique de l’expansion et à l’aire favorable potentielle de l’espèce. La seconde étude adresse l’hypothèse d’un changement de régime alimentaire à travers l’espace. Enfin, les troisième et quatrième études évaluent différents processus éco-évolutifs pour comprendre comment Z. rubidum s’est répandue aussi rapidement à travers l’Europe, i.e. testant le rôle potentiel d’endosymbiontes et de l’émergence de phénotypes hautement dispersifs, et comment l’espèce a pu établir des populations viables sur une telle étendue spatiale, i.e. cherchant des différences phénotypiques dans l’espace liées à la niche thermique et alimentaire. Les résultats montrent que Z. rubidum a commencé son expansion dans les années 1970 en Europe centrale, et que ce phénomène ne semble pas être lié à la prévalence d’endosymbiontes ou aux effets d’un tri spatial, mais sans doute à des transports humains. De plus, l’expansion de Z. rubidum ne coïncide pas avec un changement de régime alimentaire ou de niche fondamentale thermique ou alimentaire. Plutôt, il semble que cette expansion d’aire de répartition soit un exemple de remplissage de niche, caractérisé par une colonisation de zones favorables mais jusqu’ici inaccessibles.</dcterms:abstract>
     <dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Species are adapted to specific environmental conditions (concept of ecological niche) which are reflected in their distribution over space. While species geographic ranges are relatively stable on a broad scale, important changes such as range expansions are sometimes observed. This thesis aims to investigate the geographic range expansion of the spider species Zodarion rubidum Simon, 1914, across Europe. The first study investigates the range history and the potential suitable geographic range of the species. The second study addresses the hypothesis of a diet shift over space. Finally, the third and fourth studies assess different eco-evolutionary processes to understand how Z. rubidum dispersed that quickly across Europe, i.e. testing the potential role of endosymbionts and of the emergence of highly dispersive phenotypes, and how the species established viable populations on such a broad spatial scale, i.e. looking for phenotypic differences over space related to the thermal and diet niches. Results show that Z. rubidum started to spread in the 1970s in central Europe, and that this phenomenon does not seem to be related to the prevalence of endosymbionts or to the effects of spatial sorting, but maybe to human transports. Moreover, the expansion of Z. rubidum does not coincide with a diet shift or a change in the fundamental thermal or diet niche. Rather, it seems that this geographic range expansion represents an example of niche filling characterized by a colonization of suitable but heretofore inaccessible areas.</dcterms:abstract>
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       <tef:nom>Viel</tef:nom>
       <tef:prenom>Nathan</tef:prenom>
       
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       <tef:autoriteExterne autoriteSource="mailPerso"> nathan.viel@sci-muni.cz</tef:autoriteExterne>
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