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     <dc:title xml:lang="fr">Géométrisation des matériaux présentant deux échelles caractéristiques</dc:title>
     <dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Geometrisation of two-scaled materials</dcterms:alternative>
     <dc:subject xml:lang="fr">milieu généralisé</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="fr">dislocations</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="fr">disclinaisons</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="fr">géométrie différentielle</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="fr">calcul variationnel</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="fr">poutres</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="fr">micro-structure</dc:subject>
     <dc:subject xml:lang="en">generalised continua</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">dislocations</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">disclinations</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">differential geometry</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">variationnal calculus</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">beams</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">micro-structure</dc:subject>
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						<tef:elementdEntree autoriteSource="Sudoc" autoriteExterne="027569918">Géométrie différentielle</tef:elementdEntree>
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						<tef:elementdEntree autoriteSource="Sudoc" autoriteExterne="027315223">Calcul des variations</tef:elementdEntree>
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						<tef:elementdEntree autoriteSource="Sudoc" autoriteExterne="027871878">Microstructure (physique)</tef:elementdEntree>
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     <dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Ce manuscrit construit un modèle géométriquement exact de matériau micro-structuré en généralisant la notion de variétés de Riemann--Cartan. Le modèle repose sur l'interaction de deux échelles: une échelle macroscopique et une échelle microscopique. Leur couplage engendre des phénomènes émergents tels que les dislocations (torsion) et les disclinaisons (courbure). Le placement est décrit par un morphisme de fibrés du premier ordre F entre le corps micro-structuré B et l'espace ambiant micro-structuré E, permettant de tirer en arrière la géométrie de Riemann--Cartan de E sur B. Afin de permettre l'apparition de courbure, F n'est en général pas le gradient d'un placement ponctuel. Au cœur du modèle se trouve la notion nouvelle de pseudo-métrique qui, pour une structure microscopique linéaire, fournit simultanément une métrique macroscopique (analogue au tenseur de Cauchy--Green), une métrique microscopique, une forme de soudure couplant les deux échelles et une connexion (potentiellement affine). Une notion d'objectivité (isotropie de l'espace) est formalisée et les invariants associés sont calculés. Via le calcul variationnel, les équations d'Euler-Lagrange sont obtenues en dynamique et en statique. En découlent, dans le cas linéarisé, des EDPs de type Helmholtz reliant courbure et torsion, illustrées par des simulations numériques. Enfin, le modèle est appliqué à la mécanique des poutres élancées. Les modèles classiques de Timoshenko et d'Euler--Bernoulli apparaissent comme cas particuliers et une nouvelle famille continue de modèles obtenus par homogénéisations est proposée.</dcterms:abstract>
     <dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">This manuscript constructs a geometrically exact model of microstructured material by generalising the notion of Riemann-Cartan manifolds. The model is based on the interaction of two scales: a macroscopic and a microscopic one. Their coupling gives rise to emergent phenomena such as dislocations (torsion) and disclinations (curvature). The embedding is described by a first-order fibre bundle F between the microstructured body B and the microstructured ambient space E, allowing the Riemann-Cartan geometry of E to be pulled back onto B. In order to allow curvature to appear, F is generally not the gradient of a point embedding. At the heart of the model is the new notion of pseudo-metric which, for a linear microscopic structure, simultaneously contains a macroscopic metric (analogous to the Cauchy-Green tensor), a microscopic metric, a solder form coupling the two scales, and a connection (possibly affine). A notion of objectivity (isotropy of space) is formalised and the associated invariants are calculated. Via variational calculus, the Euler-Lagrange equations are obtained in dynamics and statics. In the linearised case, this leads to Helmholtz-type PDEs linking curvature and torsion, illustrated by numerical simulations. Finally, the model is applied to the mechanics of beams. The classical Timoshenko and Euler-Bernoulli models appear as special cases, and a new continuous family of models obtained by homogenisation is proposed.</dcterms:abstract>
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