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     <dc:title xml:lang="fr">Impact de perturbateurs endocriniens sur la stéatose hépatique et sa progression pathologique</dc:title>
     <dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Impact of endocrine disruptors on hepatic steatosis and its pathological progression</dcterms:alternative>
     <dc:subject xml:lang="fr">maladies non alcooliques du foie</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="fr">perturbateurs endocriniens</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="fr">poisson-zèbre</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="fr">bio-essais</dc:subject>
     <dc:subject xml:lang="en">non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">endocrine disruptors</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">zebrafish model</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">bioassay </dc:subject><tef:sujetRameau><tef:vedetteRameauNomCommun>
						<tef:elementdEntree autoriteSource="Sudoc" autoriteExterne="249093529">Maladie du foie gras non-alcoolique (NAFLD)</tef:elementdEntree>
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						<tef:elementdEntree autoriteSource="Sudoc" autoriteExterne="085901997">Perturbateurs endocriniens</tef:elementdEntree>
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						<tef:elementdEntree autoriteSource="Sudoc" autoriteExterne="03496455X">Danio rerio</tef:elementdEntree>
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						<tef:elementdEntree autoriteSource="Sudoc" autoriteExterne="029350956">Essais biologiques</tef:elementdEntree>
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     <dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Les maladies non alcooliques du foie (NAFLD) sont les pathologies hépatiques les plus répandues dans le monde, touchant environ 25% de la population générale. Le premier stade des NAFLD est la stéatose hépatique, un état bénin défini par l'accumulation de gouttelettes lipidiques dans les hépatocytes. Cependant, environ 20% des personnes atteintes de stéatose développent un stade pathologique, la stéatohépatite, caractérisée par la mort cellulaire des hépatocytes associée à une inflammation du foie. Récemment, l’exposition aux perturbateurs endocriniens (PE), auxquels l'homme est continuellement exposé, a été décrite pour avoir un impact sur ces maladies. Dans ce contexte, le but de cette thèse a été de développer deux tests biologiques, basés sur la microscopie à fluorescence et utilisant le modèle in vivo de la larve de poisson-zèbre, permettant d’estimer l'impact des PE sur le développement (1er test, “Steatosis Assay on Zebrafish” – StAZ) et la progression des NAFLD (2ème test, “Steatohepatitis Assay on Zebrafish” – ShAZ). Le StAZ, nous a permis d’identifier le DDE, comme puissant stéatogène. D’un point de vue mécanistique, il a été mis en évidence que l’induction de la désaturase scd1 par le DDE était en partie responsable de la stéatose et d’un remodelage membranaire (fluidification des membranes hépatiques). Le ShAZ vise à identifier les PE capables de favoriser l'évolution vers la stéatohépatite en mesurant des marqueurs caractéristiques de cette pathologie par microscopie (i.e. mort cellulaire, stress oxydant et inflammation). Au total, ces études devraient permettre d'identifier les PE impliqués dans l’initiation et la progression pathologique des NAFLD, ainsi que de mieux comprendre leurs modes d'action, et ce, afin de permettre une meilleure  réglementation des PE.</dcterms:abstract>
     <dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are the most common form of liver diseases in the world, affecting around 25% of the general population. The first stage of NAFLD is the steatosis, a benign condition defined by the accumulation of lipid droplets in liver. Around 20% of people with steatosis develop the pathological stage, steatohepatitis, characterized by cell death of hepatocytes associated with hepatic inflammation. Recently, exposure to endocrine disruptors (EDs), to which humans are continuously exposed, has been described to impact these diseases. In this context, the aim of this thesis was to develop two biological tests, based on fluorescence microscopy and using the in vivo model of the zebrafish larva, thereby allowing to estimate the impact of EDs on the induction (1st test,"Steatosis Assay on Zebrafish" - StAZ) and progression of NAFLD (2nd test, "Steatohepatitis Assay on Zebrafish" - ShAZ). The StAZ allowed us to identify DDE as a potent steatogenic compound. Looking for underlying mechanisms, it has been shown that scd1 desaturase induction by DDE was partly responsible for steatosis and membrane remodeling (fluidization of hepatic cell membranes). The ShAZ, aims at identifying EDs capable of promoting the progression to steatohepatitis by measuring characteristic markers of this pathology by microscopy (i.e. cell death, oxidative stress and inflammation). Overall, these studies should allow the identification of EDs involved in the initiation and pathological progression of NAFLD, as well as a better understanding of their modes of action, in order to allow a better regulation of EDs.</dcterms:abstract>
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