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     <dc:title xml:lang="fr">Exposition fœtale aux solvants et aux pesticides et hypospadias </dc:title>
     <dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Fetal exposure to solvents and pesticides and hypospadias</dcterms:alternative>
     <dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Hypospadias</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="fr">méconium</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="fr">solvants pétroliers</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="fr">solvants chlorés</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="fr">pesticides</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="fr">biomarqueur</dc:subject>
     <dc:subject xml:lang="en">Hypospadias</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">meconium</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">petroleum solvents</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">chlorinated solvents</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">pesticides</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">biomarker</dc:subject><tef:sujetRameau><tef:vedetteRameauNomCommun>
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						<tef:elementdEntree autoriteSource="Sudoc" autoriteExterne="179013297">Méconium</tef:elementdEntree>
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						<tef:elementdEntree autoriteSource="Sudoc" autoriteExterne="027586375">Solvants</tef:elementdEntree>
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     <dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">La question de l’impact de l’exposition à des substances chimiques au cours la grossesse, sur le développement du fœtus et de l'enfant, est au cœur de préoccupations croissantes de recherche et de santé publique. En particulier, des polluants chimiques de l’environnement sont suspectés de jouer un rôle dans la survenue d’une malformation génitale masculine, l’hypospadias, mais cette question a été peu étudiée spécifiquement avec des biomarqueurs de l’exposition fœtale. L’objectif était d’étudier le lien entre l’exposition prénatale à des agents chimiques de la famille des solvants pétroliers et chlorés (14 molécules) et des pesticides (38 molécules) mesurés dans le méconium et le risque de survenue d’hypospadias. A partir de  deux études cas-témoins, nous avons  observé des associations significatives entre le risque d’hypospadias à la naissance et la détection dans le méconium d’un métabolite de solvant pétrolier (acide phénylglyoxylique), et d’un pesticide organophosphoré (fénitrothion). Leur présence dans le méconium n’était pas liée aux usages maternels de produits chimiques auto-rapportés. Nos résultats originaux suggèrent un rôle de certains solvants pétroliers et pesticides, jusqu’alors jamais identifié, dans la survenue d’un hypospadias. D’autres travaux sont nécessaires pour confirmer ces résultats et identifier les sources d’exposition des mères. Cette thèse incite à renforcer les messages de protection et de prévention à l’égard des femmes enceintes vis-à-vis des substances chimiques de leur environnement quotidien.</dcterms:abstract>
     <dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">The question of the impact of exposure to chemical substances during pregnancy, on the development of the fetus and  child, is at the heart of growing research and public health concerns. In particular, environmental chemical pollutants are suspected to play a role in the occurrence of a male genital malformation, hypospadias, but this issue has been little studied specifically with biomarkers of fetal exposure. The objective was to study the link between prenatal exposure to chemical agents from the family of petroleum and chlorinated solvents (14 molecules) and pesticides (38 molecules) measured in the meconium and the risk of hypospadias in the offspring. Using two case- control studies, we observed significant associations between the risk of hypospadias and the detection in meconium of a petroleum solvent metabolite (phenylglyoxylic acid), and of an organophosphorus pesticide (fenitrothion). Their presence in meconium was not related to self-reported maternal chemical use. Our original results suggest a role of certain petroleum solvents and pesticides, previously unidentified, in the occurrence of hypospadias. Further work is needed to confirm these results and identify the sources of maternal exposure. This thesis provides additional arguments to reinforce the protection and prevention messages for pregnant women with regard to chemical substances in their daily environment.</dcterms:abstract>
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