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     <dc:title xml:lang="fr">Optimisation de l'utilisation du tacrolimus chez le transplanté hépatique</dc:title>
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     <dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Transplantation hépatique</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Tacrolimus</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="fr">Bile</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="fr">variabilité intra individuelle</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="fr">métabolites</dc:subject>
     <dc:subject xml:lang="en">Liver transplantation</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">Tacrolimus</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">Bile</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">Intrapatient variability</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">metabolites</dc:subject>
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						<tef:elementdEntree autoriteSource="Sudoc" autoriteExterne="033916284">Tacrolimus</tef:elementdEntree>
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     <dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">L’efficacité des traitements immunosuppresseurs a permis l’essor et le succès de la transplantation hépatique. Ainsi, l’utilisation des inhibiteurs de la calcineurine, dont le tacrolimus est le représentant principal, a permis une diminution drastique de la fréquence des complications immunologiques. En revanche, les effets indésirables liés à son utilisation représentent aujourd’hui une part importante de la morbidité posttransplantation. Partant de ce constat, l’objectif de notre travail était d’optimiser l’utilisation du tacrolimus chez les patients transplantés hépatiques à l’aide de méthodes pharmacologiques innovantes et d’explorer les mécanismes physiopathologiques de sa toxicité. Un premier axe de recherche a été d’évaluer une stratégie de minimisation extrême de la cible de concentration résiduelle sanguine du tacrolimus permettant ainsi de conforter cette attitude thérapeutique. Une seconde piste a permis de mettre en évidence l’importance de la variabilité intra-individuelle des concentrations de tacrolimus durant la phase précoce comme marqueur de la survenue de ses effets indésirables et de la survie à long terme des patients. Enfin, l’étude de la mesure des concentrations de tacrolimus dans la bile nous a permis d’apporter des pistes sur les mécanismes potentiels de sa toxicité. Les résultats de ces différents travaux nous ont donc permis d’améliorer notre pratique clinique et d’ouvrir plusieurs pistes dans la compréhension des mécanismes de la toxicité du tacrolimus.</dcterms:abstract>
     <dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">The efficacy of immunosuppressive drugs has led to the development and success of liver transplantation. Indeed, use of calcineurin inhibitors, of which tacrolimus is the main drug, has allowed an important decrease in the frequency of immunological complications. On the other hand, the adverse effects associated with its use now represent a significant proportion of post-transplant morbidity. Based on this observation, the objective of our work was to optimize the use of tacrolimus in liver transplant recipient using innovative pharmacological methods and to explore the mechanisms of its toxicity. A first way of research was to evaluate a policy of extreme minimization of tacrolimus target blood trough concentration, thus confirming this therapeutic policy. The second part highlights the importance of the intra-patient variability of tacrolimus trough concentrations during the early phase as a marker of the occurrence of its adverse effects and of patient’s the long-term survival. Finally, the measurement of tacrolimus concentrations in bile provides us new hypotheses on the mechanisms of its toxicity. The results of these studies helped us to improve our clinical practice and to explore the mechanisms of tacrolimus toxicity.</dcterms:abstract>
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