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     <dc:title xml:lang="fr">Impact des conditions environnementales sur la stoechiometrie de nanoparticules de magnétite</dc:title>
     <dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Impact of the environmental conditions on the stoichiometry of magnetite nanoparticles</dcterms:alternative>
     <dc:subject xml:lang="fr">magnétite</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="fr">maghémite</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="fr">stoechiométrie</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="fr">solubilité,</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="fr">solution-solide</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="fr">modèle de spéciation géochimique</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="fr">XMCD</dc:subject>
     <dc:subject xml:lang="en">magnetite</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">maghemite</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">stoichiometry</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">solubility</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">solid-solution</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">geochemical speciation model</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="en">XMCD</dc:subject>
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						<tef:elementdEntree autoriteSource="Sudoc" autoriteExterne="031164730">Magnétite</tef:elementdEntree>
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						<tef:elementdEntree autoriteSource="Sudoc" autoriteExterne="061103985">Maghémite</tef:elementdEntree>
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						<tef:elementdEntree autoriteSource="Sudoc" autoriteExterne="030232570">Stoechiométrie</tef:elementdEntree>
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						<tef:elementdEntree autoriteSource="Sudoc" autoriteExterne="031964249">Solutions solides</tef:elementdEntree>
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     <dcterms:abstract xml:lang="fr">Les nanoparticules de magnétite (MNs, 10 nm) sont présentes au cœur de la Zone Critique : le sol. Les MN ont été largement utilisés dans de nombreuses applications (la dépollution, la catalyse, le stockage d'énergie, l'imagerie et la thérapie médicale, etc.) en raison de leurs propriétés physiques et chimiques (optiques, magnétiques, semi-conducteurs et large  surface spécifique). Cependant, les MNs stœchiométriques sont extrêmement sensibles à l’'O2 et aux conditions de pH. Ce projet de thèse visait à étudier l’évolution de la stœchiométrie de la magnétite (R = Fe(II)/Fe(III)) par utilisation du rayonnement synchrotron et à développer des modèles prédictifs de la solubilité de la magnétite dans des conditions environnementales pertinentes (pH, condition redox, concentration en Fe(II) dissous et présence de ligands organiques). Bien que la recherche à ce jour ait eu tendance à se concentrer sur les taux de réduction des contaminants en fonction de la stœchiométrie initiale de la magnétite (Rini), aucun travail ne s’est préoccupé du rapport effectif (Reff) et de la solubilité du Fe. Ici, cette thèse démontre que les MNs stœchiométriques ne peuvent pas exister à pH &lt; 7 malgré une concentration élevée de magnétite et un excès de Fe(II) dissous. L'ajout de molécules organiques (citrate, EDTA, etc.) peut modifier de manière significative les propriétés de surface des MNs. Par conséquent, des précautions doivent être prises lorsque l'on travaille avec des MNs en présence de ligands.</dcterms:abstract>
     <dcterms:abstract xml:lang="en">Magnetite nanoparticles (MNs,10 nm) are present at the heart of the Critical Zone: the soil. MNs has been broadly used in numerous applications (e.g. environmental remediation, catalysis, energy storage, magnetic resonance imaging, medicine therapy) due to their physicochemical properties (e.g. magnetic, highly surface areas, optic, semiconductor). However, stoichiometric MNs are extremely sensitive to the presence of oxygen and pH condition. This thesis project aimed to study the evolution of the stoichiometry of magnetite (R =Fe(II)/Fe(III))  and to develop predictive models of magnetite solubility under environmentally relevant conditions (pH, redox condition, oxidation, recharge, overloading of dissolved Fe(II), and the presence of organic ligands). Although the research to date has tended to focus on the rates of contaminant reduction by initial magnetite stoichiometry (Rini) rather than the effective ratio (Reff), no work concerns about the Reff and solubility of Fe. Here, this study demonstrates that stoichiometric MNs cannot exist at pH &lt; 7 despite a high magnetite concentration and an excess of dissolved Fe(II). Adding of organic molecules (e.g. citrate, EDTA) can change significantly the surface properties of MNs. Therefore, caution should be taken when working with MNs in presence of ligands.</dcterms:abstract>
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